Pdf Of Plant Ecology By Odum
I s a n i c o n a mo ng b i o l og y t ex t books- t h e m os t in f lu e n t ia l suc h wo r k as mea s u re d b y t h e n u m be r o f s tud e nt s r e c r u i te d int o t h e f i e l d as r esea r c h - er s an d t eac h e r s. T h e r e b i r t h h e r e o ft h i s c l ass i c, in a m u c h m o d if ie d fi ft h e dit i on, b ut u nd e r t h e o r ig i na l t i t l e, i s w e l com e. T h e re h a s a l w a ys be e n a se ns e o f in e v i tab il it y a bou t e co l og y, e v e n i n th e e ar l y t we n t ie t h c e n t u r y, w h e n i t r a nk e d as l i t t l e m o re t h a n a p a s tic h e o f n a t ur a l hi s t o r y a n d sc h oo l s o.
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The word ecologi s derived from rhe Greek oihos, meaning 'household,' and logos, meaning 'study.' Thus, the study of the environmental house ncludes all the organ- isms n it and all the fun ctional processes hat make the house habitable. Literally, then, ecology is the stud y o[ 'life at home' with emphasis on 'the totality or pat- tern of relations between organisms and their environment,' o cite a standard dic- tionary definition of the word (Merriam Webster's ollegiate ictionory, 1Oth edition, s.v. The word economics s also de rived from the Greek root oikos. As nom[s means 'management,' conomics rans lates s 'the management f the household' and, ac- cordingly, ecology and economics should be companion disciplines.
Unfortunately, many people view ecologists nd economists s advercaries ith antithetical visions. Table 1-1 attempts o illustrate perceived differences etween economics and ecol- ogy. -ater, his book will consider he confrontation hat resuhs b€cause ach disci- pline takes a narrow view of its subject and, more mportant, the rapid development of a new interface discipline, ecoiogical conomics, hat is begnmng to bridge the gap between ecology and economics Costanza, Cumberland, et al. I997; Barrett and Fa- rina 2000; L. Ecologlr was of practical nterest early n human history. In primitive soc iety, all individuals needed o know their environment-that is, to understand he forces of nature a nd the plants and animals around them-to survive. Fnaf 1 map gmod for chromebook.
The beginning of civi- lization, n fact, coincided with the use of fire and other tools to modify the environ- ment. Because [ technological achievements, umans seem o depend ess on the natural environment or their daily needs; many of us lorget our continuing de pen- dence on n ature for air, water, and indirectly, food, not to menti on waste assimila- tion, rccreation, and many other s€rvi ces upplied by nature. Also, economic systems, of whatever political i deology, value things made by human beings that primarily benefit he ndividual, but they place ittle mon etary value on the goods and services of nature that benefit us as a society. Until there s a cdsis, humans tend to uke nat.